Members of the Aslef union, which represents about 70% of Tube drivers, have rejected an offered 0.75% pay rise and £500 bonus for workers for introducing the Night Tube service from September.
Turn out in the union’s ballot was 81% and industrial action was backed by 97% of those voting.
The union says it is not opposed to the new weekend services, but says it wants them to be introduced “in a fair and sensible way which rewards staff for their hard work and the contribution they make to the success of the London Underground.”
In a statement it added: “There is a window of opportunity for London Underground managers to avoid a summer of disruption by seriously engaging with us to find a solution.
“They need to withdraw the threat to impose new rosters and make a realistic offer on pay and conditions.
“We are always prepared to talk, but they have to start listening to this very clear message from their staff.”
Responding to news of the strikes, Labour’s London Assembly Transport Spokesperson Val Shawcross AM said: “We’re completely behind the Night Tube, it’ll be a great asset to London, but the fact is the Mayor should have consulted tube staff about the changes a long time ago.
“I’ve little doubt that Londoners will sympathise with tube staff who have been confronted with huge adjustments to their working hours, which could have a significant impact on their family life.
“It’s clear negotiations are not proceeding well. Whilst Boris Johnson says he wants to ban strike action, there’s simply no substitute when you have an issue of contention on this level. The Mayor needs to listen to the grievances of tube staff and act fast to get this issue ironed out before the Night Tube arrives in September.“
The RMT and TSSA unions are also holding ballots on possible strike action, meaning it’s possible members of all three unions could go on strike on the same day.
